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16个部门联合印发行动计划整治噪声污染******
光明网讯（记者 张佳兴）工业噪声、建筑施工噪声、交通噪声、社会生活噪声，各类公众不需要的声音干扰正常生活的情况时有发生。2021年，全国生态环境信访投诉举报管理平台共接到公众举报45万余件，其中噪声扰民问题占全部举报的45.0%，居各环境污染要素的第2位。人民群众对生态环境质量的期望越来越高，对生态环境问题的容忍度也越来越低，噪声污染越来越成为环境领域集中投诉的热点和焦点。
为解决群众反映强烈突出环境问题的迫切需要，近日，生态环境部会同住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、公安部等16个部门和单位联合印发了《“十四五”噪声污染防治行动计划》（以下简称《行动计划》），通过实施噪声污染防治行动，基本掌握重点噪声源污染状况，不断完善噪声污染防治管理体系。提出到 2025 年，全国声环境功能区夜间达标率达到 85%，推动实现全国声环境质量持续改善。
2022年6月7日，在河北省石家庄新乐市新乐一中考点，工作人员正在对考点周边的噪声及污染情况进行监测，确保高考顺利进行。（光明图片/贾敏杰 摄）
生态环境部大气环境司有关负责人表示，《行动计划》将从5个方面深化管控，严格噪声源头管理，深化工业企业噪声污染防治，强化建筑施工噪声污染防治，加大交通运输噪声污染防治，推进社会生活噪声污染防治。
《行动计划》提出，要完善规划相关要求。制定或修改国土空间规划、交通运输规划和相关规划时，应合理安排大型交通基础设施、工业集中区等与噪声敏感建筑物集中区域之间的布局，落实噪声与振动污染防治相关要求。
要严格落实噪声污染防治要求，依法开展环评，对可能产生噪声与振动的影响进行分析、预测和评估，积极采取噪声污染防治对策措施。紧抓产品质量监管，持续强化对汽车、摩托车噪声污染的认证监管，适时将相关国家标准纳入强制性认证。鼓励低噪声工艺和设备的研究开发和推广应用，适时更新产业结构调整指导目录和噪声与振动污染防治领域国家先进污染防治技术目录。
交通运输噪声方面，《行动计划》要求加强车船路噪声污染防治。严格机动车监管。科学划定禁止机动车行驶和使用喇叭等声响装置的路段和时间。鼓励在禁鸣路段设置机动车违法鸣笛自动记录系统，抓拍机动车违反禁鸣规定行为。推动船舶噪声污染治理，推动内河船舶应用清洁能源。推动轨道交通噪声污染防治，城市轨道交通车辆等装备选型和轨道线路、路基结构等建设应符合相关要求。
据悉，生态环境部将会同各相关部门，将《行动计划》任务目标纳入本部门的工作计划，抓紧制修订相关配套法规标准，有序推动各项工作落实，逐级落实噪声污染防治责任。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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